 Homi Jehangir Bhabha was the visionary who conceptulised the Indian Nuclear Programme and along with a handful of Scientists initiated the nuclear science research in India in March, 1944. He envisaged the vast potential of nuclear energy and its possible successful utilization in the field of power generation and allied areas. Dr. Bhabha started working with the goal of achieving self reliance in the fields of nuclear science and engineering and today’s Department of Atomic Energy which is a consortium of different and diversified fields of science and engineering is the final outcome of the farsighted planning of Dr. Bhabha. Thus, in his own words “When Nuclear Energy has been successfully applied for power production in, say a couple of decades from now, India will not have to look abroad for its experts but will find them ready at hand”. Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha, realizing the immense potential of nuclear energy as a viable alternative source for electric power generation, launched the Indian Nuclear Programme in March 1944. It was the farsightedness of Dr. Bhabha to start nuclear research in India at a time following the discovery of nuclear fission phenomena by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman and soon after Enrico Fermi etal from Chicago reporting the feasibility of sustained nuclear chain reactions. At that time very little information was available to the outside world about nuclear fission and sustained chain reactions and nobody was willing to subscribe to the concept of power generation based on nuclear energy. Dr. Bhabha was an astute scientist and committed engineer, a dedicated architect, a meticulous planner and a perfect executive. An ardent follower of fine arts and music, he was a philanthropist too. The path to perfection paved by Dr. Bhabha has taken the Indian Atomic Energy Programme to one amongst the best in the world. The family members of the Department of Atomic Energy and also the whole country salute the great scientist of our country- Dr. Homi Bhabha and rededicate ourselves in the pursuit of perfection set forth by him through the coming years. ACHIEVEMENTS-BARC: The Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay (AEET) was formally dedicated to the nation by the then Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru on January 20, 1957. Later, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi renamed AEET as Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) on January 22, 1967 as a fitting tribute to Dr. Homi Bhabha who died in an air crash on January 24, 1966. Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay has already made its impressions in the world of science as one of the unique nuclear research institution where high quality research and development is taking place in the areas of nuclear reactor design and installation, fuel fabrication, chemical processing of depleted fuel and also acquired sufficient expertise in the development of radioisotope application techniques in medicine, agriculture and industries. Basic and advanced research investigations were in full progress in nuclear physics, spectroscopy, solid state physics, chemical and life sciences, reactor engineering, instrumentation, radiation safety and nuclear medicine etc. In a nutshell, BARC provides a broad spectrum of scientific and technological activities extending from basic laboratory bench scale research to scaled up plant level operations and its functional domain covers all walks of science and technology � stretching from classical school of thoughts to the emerging novel fields of interest. The core mandate of this institution is to provide Research and Development support required to sustain one of the major peaceful applications of nuclear energy viz. power generation. This includes conceptualization of the programme, finalisation of the design of the reactor and the peripheral components, preparation of computer generated working models and their evaluation studies under simulated reactor running conditions, identification, selection and testing of materials and components for their risk analysis under extreme conditions of reactor operating environments, development and testing of new reactor fuel materials etc. Besides, BARC also extends its expertise to chemical processing of spent fuels, safe disposal of nuclear waste besides developing new isotope application techniques in industries, medicine, agriculture etc. Advanced frontline research in physical, chemical and biological sciences are intensely being pursued in BARC in order to give the nation a cutting edge in the fields of science and technology at the international levels. Thus, BARC is a multifaceted institution wherein the in house research findings were further translated into the development stage and finally through successful demonstration phase is taken for deployment in the respective fields. Advanced equipments and instruments, well set laboratories, vibrant ambience and availability of expertise from all fields of science and engineering are the unique features of BARC committed in taking the nation to the new horizons of knowledge and development. | ||
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RESEARCH FACILITIES
1.Physical Research Laboratory,Ahmedabad.
Solar planetary physics, infrared astronomy, geo-cosmo physics, plasma physics, astrophysics, archaeology, and hydrology are some of the branches of study at this institute.An observatory at Udaipur also falls under the control of this institution.
2.Semi-Conductor Laboratory,Chandigarh.
Research & Development in the field of semiconductor technology, micro-electromechanical systems and process technologies relating to semiconductor processing.
3.National Atmospheric Research Laboratory,Chittoor.
The NARL carries out fundamental and applied research in Atmospheric and Space Sciences.
4.Raman Research Institute (RRI),Bangalore.
RRI carries out research in selected areas of physics, such as astrophysics and astronomy.
5.Space Applications Centre,Ahmedabad.
The SAC deals with the various aspects of practical use of space technology.Among the fields of research at the SAC are geodesy, satellite based telecommunications, surveying, remote sensing, meteorology, environment monitoring etc.The SEC additionally operates the Delhi Earth Station.
TEST FACILITIES
1.Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre-Bangalore, Thiruvanthapuram, and Mahendragiri
The LPSC handles testing and implementation of liquid propulsion control packages and helps develop engines for launch vehicles and satellites.The testing is largely conducted at Mahendragiri.The LPSC also constructs precision transducers.
CONSTRUCTION AND LAUNCH FACILITIES
1.ISRO Satellite Centre,Bangalore.
The venue of eight successful spacecraft projects is also one of the main satellite technology bases of ISRO.The facility serves as a venue for implementing indigenous spacecrafts in India.The satellites Ayrabhata, Bhaskara, APPLE, and IRS-1A were constructed at this site, and the IRS and INSAT satellite series are presently under development here.
2.Satish Dhawan Space Centre,Andhra Pradesh.
With multiple sub-sites the Sriharikota island facility acts as a launching site for India's satellites. The Sriharikota facility is also the main launch base for India's sounding rockets.The centre is also home to India's largest Solid Propellant Space Booster Plant (SPROB) and houses the Static Test and Evaluation Complex (STEX).
3.Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvanthapuram.
The largest ISRO base is also the main technical centre and the venue of development of the SLV-3, ASLV, and PSLV series.The base supports India's Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station and the Rohini Sounding Rocket program.This facility is also developing the GSLV series.
4.Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station,Thumba.
TERLS is used to launch sounding rockets.
5.Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN),Bangalore.
This network receives, processes, archives and distributes the spacecraft health data and payload data in real time. It can track and monitor satellites up to very large distances, even beyond the Moon.
6.National Remote Sensing Centre,Hyderabad.
The NRSC applies remote sensing to manage natural resources and study aerial surveying.With centres at Balanagar and Shadnagar it also has training facilities at Dehradun in form of the Indian Institute of Remote Sensing.
7.Indian Space Research Organisation Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network.
Bangalore (headquarters) and a number of ground stations throughout India and World.
Software development, ground operations, Tracking Telemetry and Command (TTC), and support is provided by this institution.[27] ISTRAC has Tracking stations throughout the country and all over the world in Port Louis (Mauritius), Bearslake (Russia), Biak (Indonesia) and Brunei.
8.Master Control Facility,Hassan,Bhopal.
Geostationary satellite orbit raising, payload testing, and in-orbit operations are performed at this facility.[30] The MCF has earth stations and Satellite Control Centre (SCC) for controlling satellites.[30] A second MCF-like facility named 'MCF-B' is being constructed at Bhopal.
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVOLPMENT
1.Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST),Thiruvananthapuram.
The institute offers undergraduate and graduate courses in avionics and aerospace engineering.
2.Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA),Bangalore.
IIA is a premier institute devoted to research in astronomy, astrophysics and related physics.
3.Development and Educational Communication Unit,Ahmedabad.
The centre works for education, research, and training, mainly in conjunction with the INSAT program.The main activities carried out at DECU include GRAMSAT and EDUSAT projects. The Training and Development Communication Channel (TDCC) also falls under the operational control of the DECU.
COMMERCIAL WING
1.Antrix Corporation,Bangalore.
The marketing agency under government control markets ISRO's hardware, manpower, and software.
OTHER FACILITIES include:
* Balasore Rocket Launching Station (BRLS) – Orissa
* INSAT Master Control Facility (IMCF) – Bhopal
* ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU) – Thiruvananthapuram
* Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS)
* Aerospace Command of India (ACI)
* Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR)
* Inter University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA)
* Indian Department of Space (IDS)
* Indian Space Science Data Centre (ISSDC)
* Spacecraft Control Centre (SCC)
* Regional Remote Sensing Service Centres (RRSSC)
* Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)
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Space activities in the country started during early 1960s with the scientific investigation of upper atmosphere and ionosphere over the magnetic equator that passes over Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram using small sounding rockets Realising the immense potential of space technology for national development, Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the visionary leader envisioned that this powerful technology could play a meaningful role in national development and solving the problems of common man.
Thus, Indian Space programme born in the church beginning, space activities in the country, concentrated on achieving self reliance and developing capability to build and launch communication satellites for television broadcast, telecommunications and meteorological applications; remote sensing satellites for management of natural resources.
The objective of ISRO is to develop space technology and its application to various national tasks. ISRO has established two major space systems, INSAT for communication, television broadcasting and meteorological services, and Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) system for resources monitoring and management. ISRO has developed two satellite launch vehicles, PSLV and GSLV, to place INSAT and IRS satellites in the required orbits
Accordingly, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully operationalised two major satellite systems namely Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication services and Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites for management of natural resources; also, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching IRS type of satellites and Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for launching INSAT type of satellites.
The Space Commission formulates the policies and oversees the implementation of the Indian space programme to promote the development and application of space science and technology for the socio-economic benefit of the country. DOS implements these programmes through, mainly Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), North Eastern-Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC) and Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL). The Antrix Corporation, established in 1992 as a government owned company, markets the space products and services
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Vikram Sarabhai was born on 12 August 1919 in the city of Ahmedabad , Gujarat State in western India. The Sarabhai family was an important and rich Jain business family. His father Ambalal Sarabhai was an affluent industrialist and owned many mills in Gujarat. Vikram Sarabhai was one of the eight children of Ambalal and Sarla Devi.
To educate her eight children, Sarla Devi established a private school on the lines of the Montessori method, propounded by Maria Montessori, which was gaining fame at that time. As the Sarabhai family was involved in the Indian freedom struggle, many leaders of the freedom struggle like Mahatma Gandhi, Motilal Nehru, Rabindranath Tagore and Jawaharlal Nehru used to frequent the Sarabhai house. This is said to have greatly influenced the young Vikram Sarabhai and played an important role in the growth of his personality.
Sarabhai matriculated from the Gujarat College in Ahmedabad after passing the Intermediate Science examination. After that he moved to England and joined the St. John's College, University of Cambridge. He received the Tripos in Natural Sciences from Cambridge in 1940. With the escalation of the Second World War, Sarabhai returned to India and joined the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore and began research in cosmic rays under the guidance of Sir C. V. Raman, a Nobel Prize winner. He returned to Cambridge after the war in 1945 and was awarded a PhD degree in 1947 for his thesis titled Cosmic Ray investigation in Tropical Latitudes.
Physical Research Laboratory
Vikram returned to an independent India in 1947. Looking at the needs of the country, he persuaded charitable trusts controlled by his family and friends to endow a research institution near home in Ahmedabad. Thus, Vikram Sarabhai founded the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad on November 11, 1947. He was only 28 at that time. Sarabhai was a creator and cultivator of institutions and PRL was the first step in that direction. Vikram Sarabhai served of PRL from 1966-1971.
Indian Space Program
The establishment of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was one of his greatest achievements. He successfully convinced the government of the importance of a space programme for a developing country like India after the Russian Sputnik launch. Dr. Sarabhai emphasized the importance of a space program in his quote:
"There are some who question the relevance of space activities in a developing nation. To us, there is no ambiguity of purpose. We do not have the fantasy of competing with the economically advanced nations in the exploration of the moon or the planets or manned space-flight."
"But we are convinced that if we are to play a meaningful role nationally, and in the community of nations, we must be second to none in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of man and society."
Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha, widely regarded as the father of India's nuclear science program, supported Dr. Sarabhai in setting up the first rocket launching station in India. This center was established at Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram on the coast of the Arabian Sea, primarily because of its proximity to the equator. After a remarkable effort in setting up the infrastructure, personnel, communication links, and launch pads, the inaugural flight was launched on November 21, 1963 with a sodium vapour payload.
As a result of Dr. Sarabhai's dialogue with NASA in 1966, the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was launched during July 1975 - July 1976 (when Dr.Sarabhai was no more).
Dr. Sarabhai started a project for the fabrication and launch of an Indian Satellite. As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was put in orbit in 1975 from a Russian Cosmodrome.
Dr. Sarabhai was very interested in science education and founded a Community Science Centre at Ahmedabad in 1966. Today, the Centre is called the Vikram A Sarabhai Community Science Centre.
He led the family's 'Sarabhai' diversified business group.
His interests varied from science to sports to statistics. He set up Operations Research Group (ORG), the first market research organization in the country.
Dr Vikram Sarabhai established many institutes which are of international repute. Most notable among them are IIMs (Indian Institute Of Management) which are considered world class for their management studies. Also he helped establishing PRL (Physical Research Laboratory) which is doing commendable job in R&D in Physics. Dr Vikram Sarabhai setup ATIRA (Ahmedabad Textiles Industrial Research Association) which helped the booming textiles business in Ahmedabad. He also setup CEPT (Center for Environmental Planning and Technology). Not stopping with all these he went ahead and setup BMA (Blind Men Association) which helps visually challenged people with necessary skills and support.
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Dr Dyestuff Kakodkar is a famous Asian atomic human. Currently, he's the head of the Microscopic Vigour Dictation of Bharat AECI and the Confidant to the Regime of Bharat, Section of Atomic Vim. He was also the manager of the Bhabha Microscopical Research Property at Trombay. Dr Indigo Kakodkar is a very magisterial atomic scientist of Bharat. He is presently the chairperson of the Atomic Healthiness Credentials of Bharat AECI as wellspring as the Escritoire to the Government of India, Department of Atomlike Spirit.
He was the musician of the Bhabha Atomic Investigate Sweet at Trombay from the gathering 1996-2000 before being granted the opportunity of directing Bharat's thermonuclear information. Indicate on many around the chronicle of Dyestuff Kakodkar. Anil Kakodkar was hatched on 11 November 1943 in the Barawani community situated in the comprise day Asiatic province of Madhya Pradesh. He's the son of Mrs Kamala Kakodkar & Mr. P. Kakodkar, both of whom bechance to be Gandhian immunity fighters.
Kakodkar then connected VJTI in Bombay Lincoln in 1963 to obtain a award in Robotlike Discipline. In the assemblage 1964, Indigo Kakodkar linked the Bhabha Small Search Centre BARC. He also notched a poet honour in observational articulate reasoning from the Lincoln of Nottingham in the period 1969. The spiritedness history of Dye Kakodkar's progress as atomic soul advance saw him tie the Setup Room Segmentation of the BARC.
Anil Kakodkar also has the assets of beingness a member of the core team of architects of India's Irenic Nuclear Tests that were conducted during the years 1974 and 1998. He also led the indigenous process of the region's Controlled Burdensome Food Setup Technology. Anil Kakodkar's efforts in the rehabilitation of the two reactors at Kalpakkam and the first unit at Rawatbhatta is noteworthy as it were almost to thick low.
In the period 1996, Indigo Kakodkar became the youngest Director of the BARC after Homi Bhabha himself. From the twelvemonth 2000 onwards, he has been stellar the Microscopical Liveliness Delegation of Bharat and playacting escritoire to the Division of Microscopic Spirit. Dr Dyestuff Kakodkar has been activity a pivotal piece in tight dominion for India's atomic tests. Infact, he is famous for being a hefty urge of India's self reliance by employing Thorium as a fuel for thermonuclear vim.
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David Cameron: The next age of government | Video on TED.com
type of post bureaucratic govt
a govt where power lies with people
information technology used at its best to empower people.
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Jane Chen: A warm embrace that saves lives | Video on TED.com
More than 2 million newborns die every year just because they can,t regulate their body temperature.
a new device which can function as an incubator at low cost.
which can grossly reduce INFANT MORTALITY RATE and can save millons of newborns.
This device may work wonder for these newborns who born in remote areas.A normal incubator cost RS.20000/-. this device costs RS.1000-1400/-.
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